Cobalt prices hit their lowest level since January 2016 last week, according to Fastmarkets. On September 19, 2024, cobalt was trading between $22,046.2 and $26,014.5 per tonne, continuing a downward trend started over two years. This decline is primarily due to an oversupply from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the world's leading cobalt producer.
The Cobalt Institute reported that global cobalt supply reached 210,000 tonnes in 2023 and is expected to rise to 245,000 tonnes this year. Congolese production is projected at around 140,000 tonnes in 2023, a 21% increase from the previous year, largely driven by the Chinese company CMOC, which operates the Kisanfu and Tenke Fungurume mines and reported a 178% increase in cobalt production in the first half of 2024.
Global demand for cobalt was 197,000 tonnes last year and is expected to grow to 237,000 tonnes in 2024. No price increases are anticipated in the short term due to demand not exceeding supply. Earlier this year, the DRC considered implementing export quotas to help stabilize prices, as falling cobalt prices directly impact its economy.
In a July 2024 report, the IMF warned that declining cobalt prices "are likely to weigh further on the country's external position" in 2024. This could lower the DRC’s export revenues, reduce foreign currency reserves, and complicate import financing. Current prices, however, remain above the IMF's projected $21,305.4 per tonne for 2024.
Despite the price drop, the long-term outlook for cobalt is positive due to the global energy transition and expected growth in electric vehicle production. The International Energy Agency predicts that global demand for cobalt will double by 2030, reaching 410,000 tonnes.
Emiliano Tossou, Ecofin Agency
Last Friday, the Congolese government approved two projects to boost tourism in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Both projects were drawn by the Ministry of Tourism. One involves a partnership with the Italian soccer club AC Milan. The other involves creating tourist villages.
Tourism Minister Didier M'Pambia Musanga said the project with AC Milan will leverage the club’s global presence to market the DRC as a top tourist destination. Concretely, an international marketing campaign aligning the DRC's image with AC Milan’s will be carried out to attract tourists interested in nature and culture.
Last July, Minister M’Pambia was in Italy. During his stay, a memorandum of understanding with AC Milan’s management. Financial details were not disclosed. AC Milan is a strategic choice given its fame. The club has nearly 500 million fans across Europe, Asia, and America, all key tourism markets.
Besides the partnership with AC Milan, the Congolese government approved plans to create tourist villages. These villages aim to enhance tourism by connecting urban and rural areas while preserving local cultures. Commenting on the project, Minister M'Pambia said it would help maintain traditions and create sustainable jobs in rural communities.
Earlier this month, the DRC approved its national tourism policy, which outlines four main goals to achieve by 2030: developing partnerships, promoting sustainable tourism, diversifying tourism offerings, and strengthening institutional capacities. The plan aims to generate $7 billion in annual foreign exchange earnings and create between 200,000 and 500,000 jobs in the sector by 2030.
This strategy aligns with recommendations from the African Development Bank (AfDB), which highlighted the importance of promoting ecotourism to leverage the DRC's rich natural resources. The AfDB points out that events like the centenary celebrations for Virunga Park in 2025 present excellent opportunities to showcase this natural wealth and strengthen the DRC's position in ecotourism.
Tourism contributes about 5% of the DRC’s GDP, compared to 10% in neighboring Tanzania.
Olivier de Souza
Mole Group, a Swiss firm specializing in trading agricultural commodities, wants to set up an agro-industrial park in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The firm has dispatched a delegation to the African country to present the project to various senior Congolese officials. Meetings between both sides began on Sept. 23.
According to reliable sources, the park should be established in Mbanga-Ngunzu, close to Lufu, an important supply market for the DRC and Angola. The site is also near National Road No. 1, which connects Matadi, the DRC's main port, to Kinshasa, the capital.
The project integrates production, processing, and conservation activities, and should be set up in partnership with experts in processing, storage, and modern production techniques.
The investment’s amount is not known, presently, but it could be worth hundreds of millions of dollars. The park targets an output of 750,000 tonnes of food annually, primarily cassava, corn, and sugar.
According to Congolese Minister of Economy, Daniel Mukoko Samba, the DRC faces an annual shortfall of 10 million tonnes of corn against a domestic demand of 13 million tonnes. Other products like manioc and sugar are also in short supply. The International Trade Centre reported that the country imported $222 million worth of cereals in 2023.
At the Africa-China summit, the DRC's agricultural strategy was strengthened with export targets that allow the country to sell up to one million tons of agricultural products to China.
Mole Group is already active in the DRC with a fair-trade cocoa project and aims to prioritize the local market. The company plans to improve food supply and living conditions for farmers and local communities while incorporating renewable energy and technology transfer into its project.
Georges Auréole Bamba
Le ministre des Postes, Télécommunications et Numérique de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC), Augustin Kibassa Maliba, prospecte aux États-Unis pour le secteur numérique national. Présent à New York du 20 au 27 septembre, il profitera de sa participation à la 79e Assemblée générale des Nations unies pour échanger au bureau de Google à Manhattan avec plusieurs partenaires gouvernementaux et des organisations internationales sur des solutions innovantes pour la coopération numérique.
Le ministère des Postes, Télécommunications et Numérique renseigne qu’il sera aussi question de présenter les opportunités d’investissement qu’offre la RDC dans le numérique. Augustin Kibassa Maliba participera aussi à la rencontre bilatérale entre le chef de l’État congolais Félix Tshisekedi et celui de la Pologne, Andrzej Duda, au consulat polonais à New York.
La RDC a fait du numérique une composante de sa stratégie de diversification économique. Ce secteur est perçu comme un levier de croissance essentiel pour l’avenir du pays. Améliorer la connectivité à haut débit à travers le territoire pour renforcer l’inclusion numérique des populations ; transformer les services publics ; ouvrir le marché aux investisseurs internationaux porteurs de produits et services numériques à forte valeur ajoutée, sont des éléments essentiels pour l’atteinte de cette diversification économique.
Le voyage de prospection du ministre des Postes, Télécommunications et Numérique aux États-Unis intervient près de deux semaines après celui de Chine où il a présenté et vanté à de potentiels investisseurs locaux les besoins et les opportunités d’affaires du secteur numérique congolais.
Dans le plan national numérique, le président de la République exprime le désir de « faire du numérique un levier d’intégration, de bonne gouvernance, de croissance économique et de progrès social ». La RDC a besoin d’expertise et de financements pour y parvenir. Les discussions et les potentiels accords obtenus à New York pourraient contribuer à cela.
Muriel Edjo
Lire aussi :
Projets numériques : Augustin Kibassa en VRP auprès d’investisseurs chinois
Le gouvernement de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) a approuvé, lors du conseil des ministres du 20 septembre 2024, deux projets présentés par le ministère du Tourisme visant à dynamiser un secteur dont la contribution au PIB stagne autour de 5 %, alors qu’elle atteint 10 % dans un pays comme la Tanzanie. L’un des projets concerne la signature d’un partenariat « mutuellement avantageux » avec le club de football italien, l’AC Milan, et l’autre vise la création de villages touristiques.
Selon le ministre du Tourisme, Didier M’Pambia Musanga, la signature d’un partenariat avec l’AC Milan est une initiative centrale pour promouvoir la destination RDC à l’international. Ce projet vise à utiliser la portée mondiale du club italien pour positionner la RDC comme une destination touristique de choix. Concrètement, cela se traduira par une campagne internationale de communication et de marketing associant l’image de la RDC à celle de l’AC Milan. L’objectif est de capitaliser sur la notoriété du club pour améliorer l’image internationale de la RDC, souvent perçue à travers le prisme de l’instabilité politique et des conflits, et d’attirer des touristes intéressés par la nature, la culture, les safaris, etc., en accord avec sa politique nationale du tourisme.
La validation du projet par le conseil des ministres fait suite à un protocole d’accord signé en juillet 2024 lors d’une visite officielle du ministre du Tourisme en Italie. À cette occasion, des discussions avec les dirigeants de l’AC Milan ont permis de définir les contours chiffrés de ce partenariat, bien que les détails n’aient pas encore été divulgués. Le choix de l’AC Milan n’est pas anodin. Le club jouit d’une renommée mondiale, avec près de 500 millions de supporters à travers le globe et une forte présence médiatique dans de nombreux marchés stratégiques pour le tourisme, notamment en Europe, en Asie et en Amérique. D’ailleurs, outre-Atlantique, le club a enregistré une croissance de 50 % de sa fan base l’année dernière, selon une étude de YouGov et Men in Blazer.
Objectifs
Le conseil a également validé un projet complémentaire visant à créer des villages touristiques. Ce concept a pour objectif de développer le tourisme en renforçant la connectivité entre les zones urbaines et rurales, tout en valorisant les cultures locales. Selon Didier M’Pambia, ces villages touristiques contribueront non seulement à préserver les traditions locales, mais aussi à générer des emplois durables et à promouvoir l’entrepreneuriat au sein des communautés rurales.
Début septembre, la RDC a validé sa politique nationale du tourisme. Ce document contient quatre objectifs clés à atteindre d’ici 2030 : le développement de la coopération et des partenariats, la promotion du tourisme durable, la diversification de l’offre touristique, et le renforcement des capacités institutionnelles. Il est question de générer des recettes annuelles en devises de 7 milliards de dollars et de créer entre 200 000 et 500 000 emplois dans le secteur d’ici 2030.
Ce plan s’aligne avec les recommandations des experts de la Banque africaine de développement (BAD), qui, dans leur rapport-pays 2023 sur la RDC, ont souligné l’importance de promouvoir l’écotourisme comme un vecteur clé pour valoriser le riche capital naturel du pays. Ils y évoquent un vaste potentiel, notamment grâce aux tourbières, aux mangroves, aux ressources en eaux douces et à la position géographique centrale de la RDC en Afrique. Selon les spécialistes, des évènements comme la célébration du centenaire du parc des Virunga en 2025 constituent des opportunités en or pour mettre en avant cette richesse naturelle et renforcer la position de la RDC sur le marché du tourisme écologique.
Olivier de Souza
Lire aussi :
Tourisme : le plaidoyer et les ambitions de Didier M’pambia Musanga
Selon l’évaluation quotidienne de Fastmarkets, le prix du cobalt a atteint la semaine dernière son plus bas niveau depuis janvier 2016. D’après l’agence britannique spécialisée dans les prix des métaux, le cobalt se négociait entre 22 046,2 et 26 014,5 dollars la tonne le 19 septembre 2024, poursuivant ainsi une tendance baissière qui dure depuis plus de deux ans. Cette baisse continue est causée par une offre excédentaire alimentée notamment par la RDC, premier producteur mondial de cobalt.
Selon le Cobalt Institute, l’offre mondiale de cobalt a atteint 210 000 tonnes en 2023 et devrait augmenter à 245 000 tonnes cette année. La production congolaise de cobalt s’est établie à environ 140 000 tonnes en 2023, soit une hausse de 21 % en glissement annuel, d’après les statistiques officielles. Cette progression est principalement due à l’entreprise chinoise CMOC, qui exploite les mines de cuivre-cobalt de Kisanfu et Tenke Fungurume. La compagnie a d’ailleurs signalé une augmentation de 178 % de sa production de cobalt au premier semestre 2024.
Or, la demande mondiale de cobalt a atteint 197 000 tonnes l’année dernière et devrait progresser à 237 000 tonnes en 2024. À court terme, aucune hausse des prix due à une demande supérieure à l’offre n’est donc attendue. Face à cette situation, la RDC a envisagé, plus tôt cette année, l’introduction de quotas d’exportation pour favoriser une remontée des prix, car la baisse des cours du cobalt affecte directement son économie.
Dans un rapport qui date de juillet 2024, le FMI estime que la chute des cours du cobalt « va vraisemblablement peser davantage sur la position extérieure » du pays en 2024. Cela signifie que la baisse des revenus d’exportation de cobalt, induite par la chute des prix, pourrait réduire les réserves de devises étrangères et compliquer le financement des importations en RDC. Il faut néanmoins dire que, pour l’instant, les prix restent au-dessus des 21 305,4 dollars la tonne projetés pour 2024 par le FMI dans son rapport.
Malgré la baisse actuelle des prix, les perspectives à long terme pour le cobalt restent positives, soutenues par la transition énergétique mondiale et l’augmentation prévue de la production de véhicules électriques. Selon un scénario « Net Zero Emission » élaboré par l’Agence internationale de l’énergie, la demande mondiale de cobalt devrait ainsi doubler d’ici 2030, atteignant 410 000 tonnes.
Emiliano Tossou, Agence Ecofin
Lire aussi :
Cobalt, lithium et graphite : l’Indonésie se positionne comme un débouché pour la RDC
Prix du cobalt : le Chinois CMOC, premier producteur mondial, optimiste
Les progrès du chinois CMOC en RDC soutiennent une hausse de 670% de son bénéfice net
President Félix Tshisekedi arrived in New York on September 22, 2024, to attend the United Nations General Assembly with other world leaders. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is looking forward to its election to the Human Rights Council on October 9 and is also a candidate for one of two non-permanent seats on the Security Council reserved for Africa.
During the assembly, President Tshisekedi plans to address the security situation along the DRC's eastern border, a region plagued by conflict. This insecurity not only leads to loss of life but also hampers the country's ability to attract investment for development. Some talks may also cover the AGOA summit, the U.S.'s main tool for boosting trade with Africa.
Economically, the DRC is important in the fight against climate change due to its recent discoveries of copper and cobalt, essential minerals for the global electricity economy. However, funding for the long-standing Inga 3 dam project remains uncertain, despite interest from several development banks expressed in July 2024.
Nations-Unies/Sommet de l’avenir: Mon intervention au nom de la #RDC au Dialogue interactif sur le thème: « Transformer la gouvernance mondiale et accélérer la mise en œuvre du programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030 ». pic.twitter.com/z2lD6Z9JBv
— Eve Bazaiba (@Evebazaiba) September 22, 2024
Ahead of Tshisekedi’s speech, DRC’s Minister for the Environment Ève Bazaiba called for a reform of the global financial system to help countries like hers access funding for sustainable development. She highlighted the importance of the Congolese forest basin in global carbon capture and urged greater recognition of efforts to preserve this ecosystem.
The 79th UN General Assembly is taking place amid ongoing discussions about reforming the Security Council, a change long sought by African nations. A key agenda item will be adopting terms for international tax negotiations, an initiative strongly supported by African countries, including the DRC.
Georges Auréoles Bamba
Julien Paluku, Foreign Trade Minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was in Lufu, Kongo Central Province, on September 17. During his visit, the official committed to tackling certain border trade practices that cost the country $5 billion annually. This is more than the DRC earns from mining, its top sector, and nearly one-third of the 2024 budget.
While Paluku did not specify whether these losses are due to taxes, customs, or foreign currency resources, he pointed out that the practices “include transshipment of goods with change of destination, splitting of goods in transit in neighboring countries, undercutting of values, and denaturing of goods." He added that the issues are often aided by "proven internal complicities," particularly people who avoid using the electronic import information sheet, as well as “certain customs administrations in neighboring countries.”
Despite ongoing improvements in administrative processes, effectively managing trade players remains a challenge. Paluku announced plans to build a control laboratory to certify products entering the DRC, especially from Angola.
Having served as Lufu's administrator from 1998 to 2003, Paluku is familiar with its significance as a trade hub. Lufu has become a major marketplace for consumer goods in northwestern DRC due to its proximity to Angola. However, declining performance at the port of Matadi makes it faster and cheaper to get supplies from the Luanda port, which is 576 km away (ed. Note: around 358 miles), by road.
Lufu's market exemplifies the quest for maximum returns. For instance, cement sold in Lufu is cheaper than local production. In a country where GDP per capita is only $680 a year, a $2 difference in building material prices can significantly impact consumers.
Georges Auréole Bamba
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) could drive Africa's economic transformation with its strategic minerals. Publish What You Pay (PWYP) made the statement in a report dated September 4, 2024. However, for this forecast to materialize, PWYP’s authors said the DRC needs to develop a processing industry for its mining products.
The report also indicates that Africa could boost its GDP by $24 billion annually and create 2.3 million jobs by integrating into the downstream segments of transition minerals value chains, such as renewable energy technology. The DRC holds nearly 60% of the world's cobalt reserves, essential for lithium-ion batteries, and is the second-largest copper producer. With increasing demand for these resources as economies shift to low carbon, the World Bank predicts a 500% rise in global cobalt production in the coming years.
"The DRC has the greatest potential for job creation on the continent our estimates suggest that almost half of these opportunities are in this country," reads the PWYP report titled "How can Africa make the most of its transition minerals?"
More African countries want to process their raw materials locally to better integrate into global value chains. Meanwhile, PWYP experts note that the DRC, South Africa, Sudan, Zambia, and the Republic of Congo account for 90% of Africa's capacity to increase exports of processed mineral products.
To tap into this potential, Congolese authorities have signed agreements with partners like the European Union and the United States to support local processing of mining products for export. However, PWYP experts caution that “these commitments often clash with other policies from development partners”. "Consuming regions should not pressure African countries to abandon their industrial policies favoring local mineral processing. Instead, they should respect their commitments to financial and technological transfers and strengthen the industrial capacities of partner countries," the report further informs.
Moutiou Adjibi Nourou
The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the nine jurisdictions that recently signed the OECD’s Multilateral Convention to Facilitate the Implementation of the Pillar Two Subject to Tax Rule. The DRC became a signatory on September 19, 2024.
According to OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann, the agreement enables “developing countries to request the automatic inclusion of the Subject to Tax Rule in bilateral tax treaties with developed country Inclusive Framework members, ensuring that everyone benefits from the consensus-based solutions being developed to make the global tax system fairer and work better.”
Besides the DRC, only two other African countries adopted the inclusive framework: Benin and Cape Verde. Ten (10) more countries, including Senegal, expressed their intent to join the framework.
The Congolese government is yet to explain why it signed the convention. However, the goal could be to improve tax collection on profits made within Congolese borders, across key sectors, like mining. The OECD sees this measure as a way for developing countries like the DRC to increase tax revenue from international transactions.
Some experts and specialized organizations criticize the measure, claiming it is too complex to implement. The rule covers specific income flows between local entities and related foreign entities. It requires a solid understanding of international tax systems. Also, the minimum thresholds of 9% and 10% for bank interest are considered low compared to multinational profits, limiting potential gains for developing countries.
Specific skills needed
For the DRC to benefit from the new OECD tax rule, it must identify tax opportunities effectively. In mining, 63% of investments come from Mauritius, while many companies are based in countries like Canada or China. Beneficial owners often reside in tax havens. The Congolese tax administration will need skills to analyze foreign tax systems and identify payments that could generate additional taxes.
Customs and tax authorities must also identify entities linked to multinationals in the DRC and assess potential additional taxes under the new OECD commitment. This will require investment in tax infrastructure and training on international rules.
In the short term, the mining sector may face higher taxes, particularly on dividends. The current rate is 10%, set under the 2002 mining code and kept under the 2018 code. In Mauritius, effective rates on dividends can be as low as 3%, which could benefit the DRC. However, for interest payments, Mauritius has a rate of 15%, exceeding OECD thresholds of 9% and 10%.
Georges Auréole Bamba