MINING (180)
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Ministry of Mines and the Xcalibur group signed a second contract on Jan. 29 in Kinshasa for airborne geophysical and geological mapping of the national territory. Minister of Mines Louis Watum Kabamba and Xcalibur CEO Andres Blanco Grasa, who is based in Spain, signed the document after several months of anticipation.
The Ministry of Mines said last December that the selection was not a direct award but a continuation of the initial program, explaining the choice of the same provider. The ministry also said phase B takes into account the results of phase A. Officials added that they preferred signing a new contract rather than amending the existing one in order to comply with public procurement law and its implementing regulations.
The DRC signed a contract with Xcalibur in 2017 for national airborne geophysical and geological mapping. It was subsequently adjusted through amendments in 2019 and 2022. Documents published by the Ministry of Mines show the program is structured around two distinct components: a phase A described as a priority and a phase B described as optional.
According to Article 19 of the second amendment, the total cost of phase A, covered under the first contract, is set at $60,961,973. The cost of phase B is fixed at $297,873,516, bringing the overall budget to $358.8 million. This second phase, valued at nearly five times the first contract, was to be carried out later under a separate financing agreement and subject to a no-objection from the General Directorate for Control of Public Procurement (DGCMP). It is to be implemented taking into account results obtained during phase A.
The Minister of Mines said the first phase is finished. He said last November during the Makutano 2025 forum that they have submitted a report and collected data. He specified that the contract does not require Xcalibur to identify deposits. Instead, the company defines certain geological districts and formations, after which exploration work will begin.
According to the contract, phase A of the project was to cover mainly the Kasai, Equateur and Katanga blocks. It notably provided for remote sensing and interpretation of satellite images, and airborne geophysical surveys involving magnetic and radiometric data at resolutions allowing a regional-scale view of subsurface structures. It also included targeted gravity and electromagnetic surveys, initial geological and geochemical mapping of priority areas, the development of an open geological information system (GIS), and initial training for national technical staff.
Phase B provides for a densification of geophysical surveys in areas identified by phase A, as well as more detailed investigations of detected anomalies. It also includes magnetic and radiometric surveys across the rest of the country, standard gravity surveys in the central basin for gas and oil, and detailed geological and geochemical mapping at more actionable scales. The phase further includes advanced strengthening of national capacities and the full implementation of the GIS to support economic use and institutional management of the data. The program also includes the construction of a laboratory for chemical, petrographic and metallogenic analysis.
A boost for exploration
Many sector actors believe exploration in the DRC is stalled. Landry Djimpe, managing partner of Innogence Consulting, observed at Makutano 2025 that all current large mines without exception rely on geological clues identified during the colonial era.
The national airborne geophysical and geological mapping program is presented as an initial response to this problem. According to the Ministry of Mines, its objective is to provide the DRC with reliable and certified scientific data across the entire territory to better understand the country’s subsoil potential. It also aims to strengthen planning and transparency in the mining sector, attract responsible investment, and safeguard national economic sovereignty.
A central challenge remains ensuring rigorous monitoring of implementation so that this investment translates into better knowledge of the national subsoil and sustainable development of the country’s mineral resources. This challenge is further emphasized by the fact that Xcalibur holds no subsidiary in the DRC. The entities that signed the base contract and the various amendments are based in Mauritius, South Africa and Spain.
Pierre Mukoko
Artisanal mineral processing units in the copper-cobalt sector face an uncertain future after compliance inspections launched by the Ministry of Mines in late December 2025. The continuation of their activities, following a moratorium granted by the authorities, is now conditional on correcting the irregularities identified by an ad hoc Commission and communicated to each operator, as well as on the payment of the penalties imposed.
According to a Ministry of Mines statement dated Jan. 28, 2026, the Commission identified thirteen entities in Lualaba, including one that failed to appear. In Haut-Katanga, twenty-seven units were identified. Nineteen appeared before the Commission, four are no longer operational, three are undergoing administrative regularization before starting operations, and one did not attend the proceedings.
Several irregularities and cases of non-compliance were observed. The report cites breaches of shareholding requirements, with Congolese participation below 50%, as well as the unauthorized holding of multiple permits or approvals, notably mining exploitation licenses and processing authorizations. It also notes the absence of contracts with approved cooperatives, the lack of proof of training for Congolese employees, shortcomings in the submission of mandatory reports, and serious weaknesses in traceability and transparency.
This process is part of a decision to impose a general suspension of mining and commercial activities by processing entities, taken on Dec. 19, 2025, across the entire national territory. The measure aims to bring a sector already identified as largely non-compliant with the Mining Code and Regulations into line, notably based on the findings of the National Commission for the Fight Against Mining Fraud.
Internal checks announced
To assess the situation on the ground, an ad hoc Commission was established on Dec. 26, 2025, to carry out inspections of administrative, legal and technical compliance, as well as the traceability of processing units. It focused on the provinces of Lualaba and Haut-Katanga, where most of the activity takes place.
Following the inspection missions, Minister of Mines Louis Watum Kabamba announced, on Jan. 5 and Jan. 22, 2026, a partial and temporary lifting of the suspension for processing entities located in the provinces of Lualaba and Haut-Katanga respectively. This was subject to strict compliance with the administrative, technical and traceability requirements communicated to them. The measure was presented as transitional, allowing the operators concerned to regularize their situation.
Initially excluded from this partial and temporary lifting, Luilu Resources, operating in Lualaba province, was ultimately declared eligible after appearing before the Commission.
In its statement of Jan. 28, 2026, the ministry said the maintenance or definitive lifting of the suspension would remain strictly conditional on the effective regularization of each unit. Any continued violation of laws and regulations exposes operators to sanctions provided under current mining legislation.
The ministry also announced internal inspections within its services throughout the Republic. These are intended to establish responsibilities and, where applicable, identify any direct or indirect complicity linked to failure to comply with the moratorium and the repeated violations observed.
Boaz Kabeya
New applications for mining and research quarry rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo will be accepted again starting Feb. 2, 2026. The Mining Registry announced the information following periodic cleanup work on the cadastral database, which had led to the temporary suspension of application registrations.
This resumption ends a suspension in effect since Dec. 17, 2025. On that date, authorities decided to interrupt the receipt of new applications until further notice to conduct a cleanup of the mining cadastral database. The objective was to improve its reliability and management.
The suspension measure did not affect already existing rights. During this period, applications for the transformation and renewal of mining rights continued to be processed by the administration. The registration of transfers, leasing agreements, options, and other related acts also continued.
According to the report published in August 2025, similar work conducted previously allowed the Congolese state to recover 594 mining and quarry titles, representing 37,253 mining squares. It also allowed for the regularization of 210 mining rights placed in a prolonged state of force majeure. This resulted in their reclassification as active rights and the restoration of corresponding fiscal, social, and technical obligations.
Boaz Kabeya
Alphamin Resources Corp said tin production at its Bisie mine in North Kivu rose 7% year on year to 18,576 tonnes in the fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2025.
Output was broadly in line with the company’s revised guidance of 18,000 to 18,500 tonnes, after operations were temporarily suspended in March 2025 for security reasons.
EBITDA rose 25% to $341.4 million in 2025 from $274.0 million in 2024, Alphamin said, citing higher volumes, the impact of extensions at Mpama South and a higher average selling price.
The company said current tin prices and stable output should support cash flow and could allow for higher dividends. It said it paid $123 million in dividends in 2025, or C$0.11 per share, compared with C$0.09 in 2024. It expects to decide on its next dividend in April 2026 after publishing audited accounts.
Tin prices were expected to rise about 10% in 2025 to $33,000 per tonne from $30,066 in 2024, according to World Bank projections. Tin hit a record high of around $53,460 per tonne on Jan. 14, market data showed, amid supply concerns including in Indonesia and Myanmar.
Targets 20,000 tonnes in 2026
In Indonesia, authorities announced an operation to shut about 1,000 illegal mining sites in Bangka Belitung, a move likely to tighten supply from informal channels. Indonesia accounts for roughly one-sixth of global tin mine production, according to international statistics.
In Myanmar, the Man Maw mine remains central to regional supply. Authorities in the Wa region have signalled a possible restart, but administrative delays and operational uncertainty have kept the market volatile.
While demand from electronics, soldering, packaging and chemicals, as well as electrification-related uses, continues to support prices, some analysts have pointed to the growing influence of financial factors. The International Tin Association (ITA) has warned that the market can become vulnerable to corrections when fund positioning is elevated, even when supply is disrupted.
For 2026, Alphamin targets production of about 20,000 tonnes, in line with its targeted annualised rate. The company said achieving that goal depends on uninterrupted operations, and noted a resurgence of security incidents in North Kivu. The mine is located away from the worst-affected areas, but the risk remains high and a deterioration could disrupt activity.
PM, with Ecofin Agency
Buenassa is seeking financial backing to acquire a strategic domestic mining asset that is up for sale in the Katanga region, Chairman and Chief Executive Eddy Kioni said on Monday.
The announcement followed a meeting with Michael Kayembe, the new chief executive of United Bank for Africa (UBA) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. A source close to the Congolese company said the asset in question is mining firm Chemaf.
Bloomberg reported that Buenassa formally expressed interest in the copper and cobalt producer last November. The company’s future is being closely watched because of its assets and its role in the competition for critical minerals in the DRC.
Kioni said the acquisition would allow Buenassa to speed up its move toward vertical integration, from extraction to refining, trading and strategic stockpiling. He said it would secure feedstock for the refinery for more than 20 years.
He added that the plan would reduce operational risk and transform Buenassa from a greenfield industrial project into a major mining operator. The goal is to move from a planned project to a company producing mining assets capable of supplying a refinery and building an integrated value-chain model.
That approach sets Buenassa apart from several rival bids that are structured more around financial and commercial control of Chemaf. By comparison, state miner Gecamines, another Congolese contender, has proposed acquiring the company with a view to reselling it while retaining a maximum stake of 25%, Bloomberg reported.
Through its subsidiary Gecamines Trading, the state miner would market production corresponding to its stake to the United States, in line with a commitment the DRC made under a strategic agreement signed with Washington last December.
Industrial Goals
Buenassa says its bid is driven by industrial objectives, aimed at securing raw material for a refining project in the DRC rather than capturing output for export. That would align the project with the Congolese government’s push for local mineral processing.
Details of Buenassa’s offer remain unknown. Gecamines is reportedly considering an initial outlay of just under $1 million, an audit of the company and a plan to settle its liabilities, which media reports estimate at $900 million. Part of that debt is held by Trafigura, which arranged a $600 million loan in 2022 to finance development of the Mutoshi mine in Kolwezi.
Securing an extraction asset appears crucial for Buenassa. It would make the project easier to finance by providing collateral that could underpin borrowing for the refinery’s construction.
So far, the company has secured a $3.5 million public grant from the Industry Promotion Fund (FPI), though only part of it has reportedly been disbursed. The funding enabled completion of a scoping study.
The study puts the cost of the project’s first phase at $700 million, according to a document seen by Bankable. At that stage, the plant is expected to produce 30,000 tonnes of copper cathodes and 5,000 tonnes of cobalt sulphate a year.
The second phase is estimated to cost $2 billion. At that stage, output would rise to 120,000 tonnes of copper and 20,000 tonnes of cobalt a year. Those figures have yet to be refined.
Challenging Outlook
The revised timeline now forecasts a pre-feasibility study in early 2026 and a feasibility study in the second quarter of 2027. Financial close is projected for the third quarter of 2027, and production is not expected before 2029, compared with 2027 previously.
To finance the strategy, Buenassa is pitching a multi-layered approach combining African commercial banks, regional development finance institutions, local financial institutions, international strategic partners led by the United States, and the Congolese state. Since June 2025, the state has held a 10% stake in the Buenassa Ressources project company.
The meeting with UBA focused on building a financing structure capable of supporting both the refinery’s construction and the acquisition of an extraction asset.
Winning control of Chemaf may prove difficult. Guy-Robert Lukama, chairman of the Gecamines board, told Reuters in late 2024 that the state miner would not let it go to a rival bidder. Gecamines is in a strong position because it holds the permit on which Chemaf is developing the Mutoshi project.
The state is the sole shareholder of Gecamines and holds a 10% stake in Buenassa and 5% in Chemaf. It must decide while weighing its mining policy priorities.
Pierre Mukoko
The Democratic Republic of Congo plans to tighten controls on mining exports to boost revenue collection. In a report published in January 2026, the International Monetary Fund said authorities want a more reliable assessment of export volumes, mineral content and moisture levels, which are critical for valuation and tax calculations.
The report highlights the revenue impact of inadequate oversight. “Studies show that our country loses nearly half of its potential mining revenue due to insufficient controls on volumes and the content of valuable metals,” authorities cited in the report said. To address these weaknesses, authorities said they want to increase mining revenue collection by limiting direct contact in the control process.
One measure involves deploying technical tools by March 2026 to strengthen physical inspections of export shipments, including truck weighing scales and computerized, non-intrusive quality control systems.
The reform also includes stronger analytical capacity. The IMF said authorities aim to secure approval from the Ministry of Mines by January 2026 to bring into operation a mineral analysis laboratory contracted by the tax authority (DGI).
The goal is to build technical capacity to support inspections and strengthen compliance more broadly. The report also points to efforts to improve the assessment of export characteristics, including moisture and mineral content, which affect declared values and tax obligations.
Beyond mining, the IMF report highlights the broader challenge of modernizing financial administrations and controls. It notes that tax audits currently deliver less than 15 percent of their potential revenue, as authorities seek to improve data cross-checking through automation and digitization.
Overall, the IMF said the approach combines stronger physical and analytical controls on mining exports with a shift toward more automated systems, with the aim of improving enforcement and securing revenue.
Boaz Kabeya
Australian miner AVZ Minerals said on Jan. 15, 2026 it had received the full amount of funding pledged last year by its partner Suzhou CATH Energy Technologies.
The Chinese firm provided a $20 million facility to AVZ, which says it holds rights to the Manono lithium project in Tanganyika province in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
AVZ said when the facility was announced in January 2025 that the funds would cover working capital needs and activities over the following 12 months, including costs linked to its dispute with the Congolese state over the project. The disbursement signals CATH is continuing to back AVZ.
Under the January 2025 agreement, CATH would gain several rights if AVZ succeeds in its claim to the Manono deposit. These include the option to buy 100% of the project’s lithium output for five years, or until AVZ recovers expenses financed under the deal. CATH would also have the right to acquire a 30.5% indirect stake in the project. The outcome remains uncertain.
Manono is the largest lithium deposit identified so far in the DRC. AVZ carried out exploration there for several years through a joint venture with state-owned Cominiere. Cominiere later ended the partnership and in 2023 teamed up with China’s Zijin Mining to develop the same project.
AVZ has launched multiple international legal actions to challenge the loss of its stake, but no final ruling has been issued.
A new player has also emerged: KoBold Metals. As ties between Kinshasa and Washington have warmed amid plans for new U.S. investment in the Congolese mining sector, the California-based startup signed an agreement in principle with the Congolese government last July for mineral exploration in the country.
KoBold has since obtained seven exploration licences, four of them in the Manono area.
Under the agreement in principle, KoBold is expected to help resolve the dispute between AVZ and the Congolese state. Two months earlier, KoBold and AVZ said they had reached a framework agreement under which AVZ would sell its commercial interests in Manono at what the companies described as a fair value.
AVZ, which had paused arbitration proceedings against the DRC to create what it called a “climate conducive to discussions” aimed at an amicable settlement, has since resumed the case.
Zijin Mining, which obtained an operating permit in September 2024 for the area claimed by AVZ, has said it expects to start production in 2026. It has provided few updates on the mine’s construction.
PM, with Ecofin Agency
The Kipushi zinc mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo nearly quadrupled output in 2025, producing 203,168 tonnes of concentrate, up from 50,307 tonnes in 2024, Ivanhoe Mines said in its annual operating results published on Jan. 15, 2026. The mine is co-owned by Ivanhoe Mines (62%) and state miner Gécamines (38%).
The result was in line with Ivanhoe’s target of 180,000 to 240,000 tonnes.
The rise was driven by engineering work launched in September 2024 to boost throughput at the Kipushi concentrator by 20%. The optimisation programme was completed in early August 2025, helping lift output sharply in the second half of the year.
The mine delivered 57,200 tonnes in the third quarter and 61,444 tonnes in the fourth quarter, well above the 42,736 tonnes and 41,788 tonnes produced in the first and second quarters of 2025, respectively. Ivanhoe said recent output levels would rank Kipushi as the world’s fifth-largest zinc mine.
For 2026, Ivanhoe targets output of 240,000 to 290,000 tonnes. A key challenge will be maintaining stable operations, as the site faces an unreliable power supply from the Congolese grid. To mitigate the risk, the company said it expanded backup generator capacity in the fourth quarter of 2025.
Emiliano Tossou, with Ecofin Agency
Democratic Republic of Congo Mining Minister Louis Watum Kabamba has unveiled details of a major iron ore project, after a pledge made at the Makutano 2025 forum last November.
He presented the project at the Council of Ministers meeting on Jan. 9. The minutes refer to the initiative as Mines de fer de la grande Orientale (Mifor), describing it as a major strategic shift in the country’s mining strategy, long dominated by copper and cobalt.
The project is based on deposits in the former Orientale province, now divided into Ituri, Haut-Uele, Bas-Uele and Tshopo. The document estimates reserves of between 15 billion and 20 billion tonnes, with an average grade above 60%. It does not say how the estimates were calculated.
According to the minister’s presentation, Mifor would be developed in several phases. The first phase targets output of 50 million tonnes a year, with capacity rising gradually to 300 million tonnes a year. The plan goes beyond extraction, including local processing units and a multimodal logistics corridor combining a heavy-haul railway, river transport and a connection to the deep-water port of Banana.
The initial investment for the first stage is estimated at $28.9 billion. Over 25 years, the minister cited cumulative revenue of $679.3 billion and net cash flow of $308.2 billion, based on conservative market assumptions. For the state, the document refers to significant and wide-ranging benefits, without providing figures.
Iron ore currently trades at around $105 a tonne. However, the start of production at Guinea’s Simandou mine, announced last November, could put downward pressure on prices in the medium term. If the project stays on schedule, Simandou could produce up to 120 million tonnes as early as 2028 and add supply to the market.
At this stage, Mifor has not yet moved into formal negotiations. Without naming specific entities, the report cites interest from international institutional investors with a track record in structuring and financing large-scale projects. The government says this is a positive sign for the project’s bankability and international credibility, while stressing that no binding commitments have been made. The financing structure, partners and implementation timeline have not been announced.
In the near term, the executive has decided to set up a dedicated governance structure. The Council of Ministers approved the creation of an expanded inter-ministerial commission to oversee strategic direction, coordination and the project’s phased development.
Boaz Kabeya
State-owned enterprise DRC Gold Trading said it will continue its nationwide expansion after an annual performance review held on Jan. 9, 2025. The company plans to open a branch in Mbujimayi shortly and another in Kinshasa by the end of March 2026.
The strategy targets the establishment of 10 operational sites nationwide, with the aim of reaching annual artisanal gold volumes of 15 to 18 tonnes and generating more than $2 billion in export revenues.
DRC Gold Trading currently operates five branches, including one in Bukavu that has been inactive since AFC/M23 rebels seized the city in March 2025. Hitting the upper target of 18 tonnes will be challenging, given that the company has exported about 10 tonnes of artisanal gold since beginning operations in early 2023.
Another challenge is uncertainty over the contribution of the Bukavu branch this year. That branch alone accounted for more than 90% of legal artisanal gold exports between 2023 and 2024, with a monthly average of over 420 kg sourced from South Kivu in 2023.
The state-owned company has, however, opened a branch in Kindu, in Maniema province, partially offsetting the loss of revenue from South Kivu. With a monthly average of around 114 kg of artisanal gold exported, Maniema has become the country’s leading artisanal gold exporting province. By the end of the third quarter of 2025, it accounted for 34% of national artisanal gold exports, totaling 683.67 kg, according to data from the Mining Technical Coordination and Planning Unit.
Timothée Manoke
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Gécamines plans to sell part of the copper output from Tenke Fungurume Mining (TFM) to the United States through its new trading subsidiary, Gécamines Trading. TFM is 80% controlled by China’s CMOC.
The Congolese state miner said it has decided, for the first time, to exercise its contractual right to buy the share of production linked to its 20% stake in the mine and resell it to U.S. buyers. It put the volume at 100,000 tonnes for 2026.
“This first marketing operation represents an expansion of the competitive bidding system for output from Gécamines’ partnerships, a system introduced in 2023 and successfully implemented since then,” Guy-Robert Lukama, chairman of Gécamines’ board, said in a statement.
Gécamines said the decision to market the production share from its joint ventures is intended to address transfer-pricing practices used by some operators. Under such practices, output is sold at below-market prices to related entities, reducing dividends paid to Gécamines and mining revenues for the state.
The company said the strategy should lead to better pricing of Congolese minerals, higher tax revenues and a broader base of buyers, strengthening the country’s commercial independence.
“We welcome this first operation, which follows more than a year of work to strengthen the Democratic Republic of Congo’s position in global raw materials markets and to assert the state’s sovereignty over its mineral resources,” said Placide Nkala Basadilua, Gécamines’ chief executive, in the statement.
In the longer term, the state-owned company aims to secure sales rights of up to 500,000 tonnes of copper and 40,000 tonnes of cobalt, underlining its ambition to re-establish itself as a global player in critical minerals.
Strategic agreement
Before exercising its purchase right, Gécamines said it carried out a market consultation in late 2025. Several U.S. buyers agreed to purchase the 100,000 tonnes of copper at the end of the process under terms the company described as favourable.
Copper prices surged in 2025, rising 44% to a record $12,960 per tonne on the London Metal Exchange. Analysts expect momentum to remain strong in 2026.
The transaction also allows the DRC to implement commitments under a strategic agreement signed with the United States in Washington on Dec. 4, 2025. Under the agreement, “the DRC and its public enterprises will use their marketing rights linked to participation and contracts to provide offtake access to American and allied persons.”
The mechanism requires Gécamines, or any other state-owned company, to offer its marketable volumes to U.S. companies before other buyers, provided commercial terms are comparable and aligned with international prices.
The deal is being carried out by Gécamines Trading, a joint venture with Geneva-based Mercuria Energy Trading. The venture markets copper, cobalt and other critical minerals, including germanium and gallium, produced in the DRC.
The project is backed by the U.S. International Development Finance Corp (DFC). The agency said it has issued a letter of intent for an equity investment in the joint venture, aimed at securing U.S. supply chains for strategic minerals.
Pierre Mukoko
The Regulatory Authority for Subcontracting in the Private Sector (ARSP) has issued a decision that directly affects mining supply chains in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
In a decision published on Jan. 7, 2026, the regulator ruled that the supply of sulfuric acid, chemical reagents and similar inputs will be restricted exclusively to licensed subcontracting companies, in line with Law No. 17/001 governing private-sector subcontracting.
According to the decision, the supply of sulfuric acid, lime, flotation reagents, extractants and other chemicals used in ore processing is classified as a subcontracting activity in its own right. As a result, these supplies may no longer be provided directly by mining companies or by firms that are not listed in the ARSP’s official register.
The ARSP said the move was prompted by ongoing attempts to bypass subcontracting rules, which have allowed ineligible operators to dominate a strategic segment of the mining industry. Such practices, the regulator said, run counter to the law’s objective of ensuring meaningful participation by Congolese companies in markets generated by mining activity.
Under the new rules, mining companies must source acid and processing reagents exclusively from ARSP-approved subcontractors or face administrative sanctions under existing regulations.
The authority said it focused on the acid and reagents market because of the central role these products play in ore processing, particularly in copper and cobalt production. They are essential to leaching techniques used to extract metals from ore.
Until now, these inputs were largely supplied by foreign firms or entities integrated into major mining groups, limiting access for local suppliers. This, the regulator said, justified targeting the segment for stricter enforcement of subcontracting rules.
The decision forms part of the government’s broader strategy to promote local content and strengthen Congolese small and medium-sized enterprises. It aims to deepen the integration of national companies into the mining value chain and support job creation.
Boaz Kabeya
- DR Congo launched validation talks on a national strategy for critical minerals on January 7 in Lubumbashi.
- The draft prioritizes local processing, ESG standards, clean energy use, and improved sector governance.
- Experts urge a coherent framework to turn mineral wealth into inclusive, sustainable development.
The Democratic Republic of Congo moved closer to validating its national strategy for critical minerals and metals as the Ministry of Mines launched validation sessions on January 7, 2026, in Lubumbashi, in the Haut-Katanga province.
The sessions, scheduled to conclude on January 8, will review policy directions on promoting local processing, developing sustainable industrialization, complying with environmental, social and governance (ESG) standards, mobilizing clean energy, strengthening human and technological capacities, improving sector governance, and sharing benefits with local communities.
The Ministry of Mines said Congolese and African experts drafted the strategy with support from Southern Africa Resources Watch (SARW), which has acted as a technical and financial partner to the Congolese mining sector for nearly two decades.
The document aims to provide the country with a consensual and operational framework focused on economic diversification, industrialization, job creation and enhanced value addition from national mineral resources.
The ministry added that this step forms part of a broader process to design a roadmap to reposition DR Congo as a major industrial player in the global value chain for critical minerals and metals, which underpin the energy transition and green industrialization.
In a report published on March 20, the Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI) said DR Congo needs a coherent strategic framework to ensure that the energy transition delivers tangible benefits to the population. The report, titled “The Democratic Republic of Congo and the Energy Transition Challenge: Turning Mineral Wealth into a Lever for Sustainable Development,” highlighted structural weaknesses.
NRGI identified gaps in inter-institutional coordination, conflicts of interest, politicization of public action and weak stakeholder inclusion as key factors that have hindered the emergence of a harmonized framework between the mining and energy sectors.
Meanwhile, DR Congo continues to face challenges in locally processing its mineral resources. According to a report by the Publish What You Pay (PWYP) network, the country holds significant potential to capture greater value added as global demand for strategic minerals accelerates amid the transition toward low-carbon economies.
This article was initially published in French by Ronsard Luabeya
Adapted in English by Ange Jason Quenum
- Ivanhoe Mines said total investment in the Kamoa-Kakula copper smelter reached $1.1 billion.
- The figure exceeded the $700 million estimate announced in 2021.
- Power infrastructure, including Inga II rehabilitation, accounted for a significant share of costs.
Ivanhoe Mines said total investment in the new smelter at the Kamoa-Kakula copper complex reached $1.1 billion, as the company announced the first production of copper anodes.
The company linked the start-up of the smelter to the full capital deployment in a statement accompanying the production milestone.
Robert Friedland, founder and executive co-chairman of Ivanhoe Mines, said the event marked “the culmination of a $1.1 billion investment.”
The $1.1 billion figure exceeded the capital cost estimate Ivanhoe Mines disclosed during the project’s early development stages.
In a statement dated Nov. 18, 2021, Ivanhoe Mines said expected capital expenditure for the smelter stood “in the region of $700 million,” and the company said operating cash flows from Kamoa-Kakula would fund the project.
Ivanhoe Mines did not explicitly state the reasons for the gap between the 2021 estimate and the 2026 investment figure.
However, the $1.1 billion total appeared to include ancillary infrastructure costs, even though the company built the smelter according to the same design outlined in 2021.
Ivanhoe Mines constructed a direct-to-blister smelter with nominal capacity of 500,000 tonnes per year of blister copper, alongside sulfuric acid by-product production and emissions standards aligned with those of the International Finance Corporation, part of the World Bank Group.
To enable initial anode production, Ivanhoe Mines not only built the smelter but also installed an uninterruptible power supply system.
The company said the 60-megawatt system could provide up to two hours of instant backup power, protecting the smelter from voltage fluctuations on the Democratic Republic of Congo’s national grid.
In parallel, the company required 50 megawatts of clean electricity to commission the smelter.
To secure that supply, Ivanhoe Mines rehabilitated turbine five at the Inga II hydroelectric dam, which has total installed capacity of 178 megawatts.
Kamoa Copper, owner of the Kamoa-Kakula complex, estimated the investment at $450 million, including ongoing grid modernization works.
This article was initially published in French by Boaz Kabeya
Adapted in English by Ange Jason Quenum