At the current rate of emissions reduction, mining companies risk falling 40% short of the target needed to limit global warming to 1.5°C by 2030, as outlined in the Paris Agreement. This alarming prediction comes from a new report published by dss+, following a survey of 52 mining companies that highlights a significant gap between their stated ambitions and actual progress.

The report, titled "Decarbonising Mining in an Era of Growing Demand for Critical Metals and Minerals," reveals that mining companies reduced their emissions at an average annual rate of just 2% between 2018 and 2021. This rate, while still relevant, is far below the 4.5% reduction required to meet the sector's climate targets (see chart below).

The report attributes the gap to several structural factors, including declining ore quality, which forces operators to intensify extraction efforts and increases energy demands for ventilation and cooling in deep mines. Additionally, monitoring emissions particularly Scope 3 emissions generated downstream from transportation or processing remains a challenge. These emissions can account for up to 60% of the sector's total greenhouse gas output but are often overlooked in companies' decarbonization strategies. Executives interviewed by dss+ also cited fragmented decision-making across sites and insufficient emissions monitoring as obstacles to effective decarbonization, alongside policies that lack incentives for investment in clean technologies.

The dss+ report is not the first to raise concerns about the mining sector's slow progress in decarbonization. Data from some companies indicate stagnant results in emissions reduction. For instance, Rio Tinto reported Scope 1 and 2 emissions of 32.6 megatonnes in 2023, slightly down from 32.7 megatonnes in 2022 (adjusted for acquisitions). BHP also noted a slight increase in emissions, rising from 9.1 megatonnes in 2023 to 9.2 megatonnes in fiscal 2024.

Other organizations have highlighted the paradox facing the industry: it must meet the rising demand for critical metals necessary for the energy transition while simultaneously reducing its emissions. In a report titled "The Net Zero Roadmap to 2050," the International Finance Corporation (IFC) projected that copper and nickel production would need to increase by 200-300% by 2050 to meet climate targets, yet CO₂ emissions from their value chains could double.

In response to these challenges, solutions are emerging to accelerate decarbonization efforts and meet climate expectations. dss+ advocates for greater transparency in annual emissions reporting, emphasizing the need to account for Scope 3 emissions more effectively. Additionally, they recommend developing structured decarbonization plans and improving energy supply. The firm suggests adopting internal carbon pricing a concept where companies assign a virtual cost to CO₂ emissions, motivating them to reduce this cost through optimized financial decisions.

These proposals align with those suggested by the IFC, which aims to reduce emissions from the copper and nickel sectors by 90% by 2050 through transformative changes in their value chains. The IFC recommends adopting renewable energy sources, electrifying equipment, optimizing processes for energy efficiency, and leveraging automation and digitization to minimize inefficiencies. Proactive management of residual emissions through carbon offsets and CO₂ capture technologies is also crucial, along with fostering collaboration among companies, governments, and investors.

There is currently little evidence suggesting that these proposals are practically feasible or enough to transform an industry that is vital for the global energy transition but continues to emit excessive greenhouse gases. According to multiple sources, including Globaldata and McKinsey, the mining sector is one of the highest-emitting industries globally, accounting for between 4% and 7% of direct greenhouse gas emissions. When including downstream Scope 3 emissions, this figure rises significantly—up to 28% or approximately 19,440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Successfully decarbonizing the mining sector will ultimately depend on the commitment of industry players and political leaders to overcome existing structural and financial barriers.

Louis-Nino Kansoun, Ecofin Agency

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has completed phase I of its Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) project. Nine cities have been connected under this phase, according to the interministerial committee steering the project. The committee presented the progress to Communication Minister, Patrick Muyaya Katembwe, on December 19. 

Under the next phase of the project, 46 more cities will be covered. This phase should cost around $60 million. 

The interministerial committee has opted for a restricted call for tenders to select a technical partner for this stage. During the December 19 meeting, a roadmap was established to guide subsequent phases and ensure effective execution while avoiding logistical and financial challenges. The full completion of this project is expected to yield significant economic benefits.

"Besides benefits in terms of image quality, reduced operating costs, and an expanded TV offering, DTT can improve TV audience measurement. Thanks to the statistics provided by set-top boxes, advertisers will be able to identify which TV channels are really being watched and refine their communication and marketing strategies accordingly," explained Servan Ahougnon, a journalist specializing in communication at Ecofin Agency.

A dynamic and modern audiovisual sector is likely to attract foreign investment, encouraging technology transfer and the growth of new businesses. DTT could stimulate local content production and foster the emergence of job-creating creative industries such as audiovisual production and directing.

According to the Global System Operators' Association (GSMA), migrating television to digital will free up significant spectrum for mobile services in the 470-862 MHz frequency range. These frequencies are suitable for long-distance communications, enabling mobile operators to extend network coverage to rural areas while offering lower costs to consumers, thereby promoting greater mobile penetration.

This would also allow telecom operators to deploy high-speed technologies like 4G or 5G more easily and offer new services such as interactive TV, mobile TV, and video-on-demand. These should generate increased financial revenues for both telecom operators and the government. Since its launch in 2018, DTT has generated $82 million in revenue for the public treasury, and the government aims to increase these earnings.

This article was initially published in French by Muriel Edjo

Edited in English by Ola Schad Akinocho

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) will finance the 64 MW Katende dam project alone. This was announced on December 20, in Kinshasa, during the 27th Council of Ministers.  

The government decided to self-finance the project due to a stalemate over funding from India's Exim Bank. "The Democratic Republic of Congo, having found that the financing option with funds from Exim Bank of India does not allow it to restart in the immediate future and complete within a reasonable time this project, financing from the country's own funds was identified, after several exchanges within the government, as the best option. This is because its advantages are better adapted and more flexible than procedures linked to loan agreements," states the minutes from the Council of Ministers.

However, the Katende project is not included in the government’s public investment program for 2025-2027. Additionally, no timeline has been announced for when work will resume.

The project’s cost was originally estimated at $280 million, with funding split between $168 million from India and the remainder from the DRC. After years of negotiations, India announced in June 2023 that it would open a $180 million credit line to support the project. However, only a portion of these funds has been released thus far. 

To ensure timely debt repayment for this project, the DRC plans to make the first 16 megawatts of power available within 24 months to serve Kananga, Mbuji-Mayi, and Tshimbulu. "At the time of execution of phases 2 (32 MW) and 3 (16 MW), the operation of the 16 megawatts of phase 1 will generate revenues to service the debt, taking into account the two-year grace period granted by the lenders," according to government statements.

First announced in 1960, the Katende Dam project recorded several interruptions. The project includes building a 130 km power line between Kananga and Mbuji-Mayi, and a 30 km line connecting Kananga to Bukonde. Work began in 2011 under the Indian company LPCC but was suspended in 2015 following a decision by New Delhi. An audit in 2021 revealed that only 55% of civil works were completed and that while 75% of electrical equipment had been acquired, much of it might not be usable. Some materials have been damaged or stripped of components while stored across various towns in the country, complicating any potential resumption of work.

The planned resumption is expected to create thousands of jobs, stimulate economic activity, and improve living conditions for residents in Kasai through increased access to electricity.

This article was initially published in French by Olivier de Souza

Edited in English by Ola Schad Akinocho

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The Congolese Ministry of Agriculture (DR Congo) will provide farmers 1,062 tractors by the end of March 2025. In a recent press conference, Agriculture Minister, Grégoire Mutshail Mutomb, said the project would make farmers’ work easier, women’s especially, and help boost the country’s overall agricultural output.

"Our agriculture is at the bottom of the scale; some women still use hoes. We have distributed 260,000 hoes nationwide and are thinking about the mechanization of agriculture in our country," said Mutshail, quoted by Agence Congolaise de Presse. Further details on the project, such as the equipment supplier or final beneficiaries, are yet to be provided.

Greater Mechanization

This last announcement adds to two more unveiled this year, related to agricultural mechanization. In his annual address to the nation, President Tshisekedi said various equipment was being distributed, including 350 tractors. In July, Equity BCDC, a subsidiary of Kenyan group Equity Holdings, signed an agreement with dealer Congo Motors to enable farmers to acquire tractors on a leasing basis.

In line with its ambition to diversify the Congolese economy, the DRC government has chosen agriculture as a target sector, mainly because the supply of essential products, like maize, fails to meet the existing demand.  There is no consolidated record of previous efforts to provide agricultural machinery, making it challenging to assess their impact on productivity.

In addition to mechanization, the sector suffers from chronic isolation. A study by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) on local development plans for 145 territories revealed that only about 20% of the population mostly farmers have access to passable roads. The authorities also plan to improve 38,000 kilometers of agricultural feeder roads.

The increased mechanization could generate at least 4,240 jobs in the country since each agricultural machine requires an operator, a maintenance manager, a spare parts supplier, and an administrative and financial manager to coordinate operations.

A Well-Supported Vision

Private players are also getting involved in harnessing green resources. In October 2024, a $1 billion project led by the Mole Group, based in Switzerland, and headed by a Congolese native, was announced. According to the Minister of Agriculture, this and other projects will be structured as public-private partnerships.

Several donors are also active in the sector, including the African Development Bank, which plans to create over 50,000 jobs in agriculture. With Africa's largest area of arable land, the DRC aims not only for self-sufficiency but also to enhance its status as an exporter of agricultural products by diversifying beyond cocoa and coffee into crops such as soybeans and chilies.