Recently released gold export data from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for the first half of 2024 reveal a stark contrast in sales prices. The former Primera Gold company, a joint venture between the state and partners from the United Arab Emirates, achieved an average price of $64,502 per kilogram of gold sold. In contrast, Kibali Gold, which operates one of Africa's largest mines and is 90% owned by Barrick Gold and AngloGold Ashanti, sold its production at an average price of $46,214.8—almost $20,000 less than Primera Gold, which has now been rebranded as DRC Gold Trading after the State took full control of the company.

Artisans in Ituri and North Kivu also obtained a higher price than Kibali Gold, exporting their gold at an average price of $59,500 per kilogram compared to Kibali's $46,214.8, resulting in a difference of over $13,000.

These discrepancies in gold prices were evident in 2023 as well. Primera Gold and artisans sold their production at $59,509 and $38,484.4 per kilogram respectively, while the average price per kilogram from Kibali was just $30,915.6 a difference of nearly $30,000 and $10,000 respectively.

Despite being listed on major financial markets such as New York and Toronto, Barrick Gold, and AngloGold Ashanti have not managed to secure better prices than Primera Gold or small-scale artisans in Tshopo or Tanganyika provinces of eastern DRC, who primarily export unrefined gold.

Although transparency in the extractive sector has improved in the DRC, there are still major issues that prevent a full understanding of the value chain and real opportunities. Neither Barrick Gold nor AngloGold Ashanti provide details on their sales processes, leaving it unclear whether these prices stem from forward agreements or other sales strategies.

Impact on Public Revenues

The differences in pricing have significant implications for public revenues. Kibali Gold is the main contributor to gold export revenues in the DRC, with reported sales accounting for 88.2% of the total in the first quarter of 2024. The central government and the province hosting the mine (Haut-Uele) derive revenue through Sokimo's shareholding but primarily through royalties on sales value and various taxes. If Kibali sells its production at sub-optimal prices, this diminishes the revenue base for a government that requires resources to fund its development policies.

According to market data reviewed by Bankable Africa, the government collected up to $27.8 million in royalties from Barrick Gold alone between January and September 2024. This figure is slightly higher than the $25.5 million collected during the same period in 2023. While royalties increased by 9%, the price of gold on international markets rose by an average of 37% during this timeframe. Nevertheless, Barrick Gold reported an 8% decrease in quantities sold over the same period.

Georges Auréoles Bamba